Comprehensive Product Summary – CONTEC AD16-16U(PCI)E PCI Analog/Digital Conversion Board

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### 1. Product Overview

Product Name: PCI Analog-to-Digital Conversion Board
Model: AD16-16U(PCI)E
Series: ADxx-16(PCI)E Series (including AD12-16(PCI)E, AD12-16U(PCI)E, AD16-16(PCI)E)
Article Number: AD16-16U(PCI)E
Manufacturer: CONTEC Co., Ltd. (Japan)
Product Type: Multifunction PCI Bus Analog/Digital I/O Interface Board

The AD16-16U(PCI)E is a high-speed, high-resolution analog input/output board designed for IBM PC/AT-compatible systems with a PCI bus interface. It provides 16-bit A/D and D/A conversion, 16 single-ended or 8 differential analog input channels, one analog output channel, and digital I/O capabilities. The board integrates a 256K-word FIFO or ring buffer memory and supports intelligent sampling through an onboard ASIC. It is part of CONTEC’s professional data acquisition and control hardware line, optimized for industrial measurement, automation, and laboratory applications.

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### 2. Key Features

- High-Speed A/D Conversion:
Up to 1 µs per channel (1 MS/s) sampling rate for high-speed data acquisition.

- High Resolution:
16-bit A/D and D/A resolution for precise analog signal conversion.

- Flexible Input Configuration:
Supports 16 single-ended or 8 differential analog input channels.
Expandable to 32 single-ended / 16 differential channels using optional expansion units (ATCH-16(PCI) or ATUH-16(PCI)).

- Wide Input Voltage Ranges:
Selectable ranges of ±10 V, ±5 V, 0–10 V, or 0–5 V, configurable via onboard jumpers.

- Large Onboard Memory:
256K-word FIFO or ring buffer for high-speed continuous sampling and background data processing.

- Analog Output Channel:
One 16-bit D/A output channel with selectable ranges (±10 V or 0–10 V), 13 µs conversion time, and ±5 mA drive capability.

- Digital I/O:
Four TTL-level digital inputs and four TTL-level digital outputs (one output shared with counter output).

- Counter Functionality:
Integrated Intel i8254-compatible 16-bit counter with internal 4 MHz clock or external clock/gate input.

- Interrupt Support:
Multiple interrupt events including sampling completion, buffer status, trigger detection, and error conditions.

- Scalable System Integration:
Up to 16 boards per system can be installed, each with a unique board ID (0–F).

- Versatile Triggering and Control:
Sampling can be started/stopped by software, analog level comparison, or external TTL triggers.

- Optional Accessories:
Compatible with CONTEC’s range of terminal units, conditioning modules, and cables for signal conditioning, isolation, and connectivity.

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### 3. Technical Specifications

Physical Characteristics:
- Dimensions: 176.4 mm (L) × 107 mm (H)
- Weight: Approx. 150 g
- Form Factor: PCI short-size board, 32-bit, 33 MHz, universal key (3.3 V / 5 V compatible)

Power Requirements:
- +5 VDC, 1300 mA (max)
- Additional current draw if external devices are powered via CN1/CN2 (+5 V output lines)

Analog Input:
- Channels: 16 single-ended or 8 differential
- Input Range: ±10 V, ±5 V, 0–10 V, 0–5 V (jumper-selectable)
- Absolute Max Input Voltage: ±20 V
- Input Impedance: >1 MΩ
- Resolution: 16 bits
- Conversion Speed: 10 µs per channel (max)
- Accuracy: ±5 LSB typical
- Non-linearity: ±0.1% FSR (max at temperature extremes)
- Buffer Memory: 256K words (FIFO or ring)
- Trigger Sources: Software, analog comparison, or external TTL signal
- Sampling Clock: Internal or external (TTL level)
- Input Mode: Single-ended or differential (jumper-selectable)

Analog Output:
- Channels: 1
- Output Range: ±10 V or 0–10 V (jumper-selectable)
- Resolution: 16 bits
- Output Current: ±5 mA max
- Conversion Time: 13 µs max
- Non-linearity: ±2 LSB typical
- Output Impedance: ≤1 Ω

Digital I/O:
- Inputs: 4 TTL-level inputs (shared with counter control)
- Outputs: 4 TTL-level outputs (one shared with counter output)
- Logic Levels: TTL compatible (0–5 V)
- Output Drive: 24 mA sink capability

Counter:
- Device: i8254-compatible, 3 × 16-bit counters
- Clock Source: Internal 4 MHz or external TTL signal
- Gate/Clock Input: Selectable via jumpers (CN2 pins)
- Output: TTL-level counter output (shared with DO3)

Connectors:
- CN1: 37-pin D-sub female (analog I/O)
- CN2: 16-pin header (digital I/O and control)
- CN3: Expansion connector for optional channel expansion units

Environmental Conditions:
- Operating Temperature: 0–50 °C
- Humidity: 20–90% RH (non-condensing)
- Warm-up Time: 15 minutes
- Storage: Avoid direct sunlight, moisture, and static discharge

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### 4. Functionality

Analog Input Operation:
The board converts analog signals to digital data using a 16-bit A/D converter. Data is stored in onboard memory in FIFO or ring format. Sampling can be controlled by internal or external clocks, and triggered by software, analog level thresholds, or external TTL signals. The board supports both single-channel and multi-channel scanning modes, with programmable channel order and sampling intervals (minimum 25 ns step).

Analog Output Operation:
Digital data is converted to analog voltage output through a 16-bit D/A converter. Output range and polarity are jumper-selectable. The output can be used for waveform generation, control signals, or analog actuation.

Digital I/O:
Four TTL inputs and four TTL outputs allow for control and monitoring of external devices. Inputs can also serve as counter gate/clock or interrupt triggers.

Counter Function:
The onboard i8254-compatible counter can operate in multiple modes (event counting, frequency generation, pulse width measurement). It supports cascading for 32-bit counting and can be externally gated or clocked.

Interrupt Handling:
Interrupts can be generated by various events such as:
- Sampling completion
- Buffer half/full/overflow
- Trigger detection
- Counter overflow
- External interrupt input (falling edge)

Memory Operation:
- FIFO Mode: Sequential data storage; stops on overflow.
- Ring Mode: Continuous circular buffer; overwrites oldest data when full.
- Capacity: 256K words.
- Status Flags: Data ready, half full, overflow.

Trigger and Sampling Control:
- Start Conditions: Software command, analog level comparison, or external TTL trigger.
- Stop Conditions: Sample count, analog level, external trigger, or software stop.
- Delay and Repeat: Programmable pre/post trigger delays and repeat cycles.

Data Format:
- A/D Output: 16-bit offset binary or two’s complement.
- D/A Input: 16-bit offset binary.

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### 5. Components & Accessories

Included Items:
- AD16-16U(PCI)E board
- User’s Manual
- Setup Disk (3½" 2HD floppy)

Optional Accessories:
- Expansion Units:
- ATCH-16(PCI): 16-channel expansion for AD16-16(PCI)E
- ATUH-16(PCI): 16-channel expansion for AD16-16U(PCI)E
- Signal Conditioning Units:
- ATSS-16: Simultaneous sample/hold
- ATII-8: Isolated input with CJC and current input
- ATLF-8: Differential input with low-pass filter
- Terminal Panels:
- DTP-3(PC), DTP-4(PC): Screw terminal panels
- ATP-16: BNC connector panel
- FTP-15: Digital I/O terminal panel
- Cables:
- PCA37P / PCA37PS: Flat or shielded analog cables
- PCC16PS / PCD8PS: Coaxial or shielded differential cables
- DT/E1, DT/E2: Digital I/O cables with bracket

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### 6. Installation & Setup

System Requirements:
- IBM PC/AT compatible with available PCI slot
- Windows 95/98/2000/XP or MS-DOS (with driver support)
- Optional CONTEC driver software (API-PAC(W32))

Installation Steps:
1. Power off the PC and open the chassis.
2. Set the board ID (SW1 rotary switch, 0–F).
3. Configure jumpers for input mode, voltage range, and output range.
4. Insert the board into a PCI slot and secure it.
5. Install the driver software (API-PAC(W32) or API-AIO(WDM)).
6. Verify installation via Device Manager or CONTEC diagnostic tools.

Driver Software:
- API-PAC(W32): Windows driver library with DLL functions for Visual C++, VB, Delphi, etc.
- API-AIO(WDM): High-performance WDM driver for Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003.
- API-AIO(LNX): Linux driver package with shared library and kernel module.

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### 7. Performance & Capabilities

- A/D Conversion Rate: 1 MS/s (1 µs per channel)
- D/A Conversion Rate: 13 µs per conversion
- Resolution: 16 bits
- Input Impedance: >1 MΩ
- Output Drive: ±5 mA
- Buffer Capacity: 256K words
- Sampling Clock: Internal or external (TTL)
- Trigger Latency: <100 ns typical
- Counter Clock: 4 MHz internal or external TTL
- Interrupt Latency: <1 µs typical

Limitations:
- Analog input channels share a common range setting.
- Maximum input voltage ±20 V (beyond this may damage the board).
- Output current limited to ±5 mA.
- External signals must be TTL level.

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### 8. Standards & Compliance

- Bus Interface: PCI Local Bus Specification Rev. 2.1 (32-bit, 33 MHz)
- Electrical Isolation: Non-isolated analog and digital sections
- Signal Levels: TTL-compatible digital I/O
- Environmental:
- Operating: 0–50 °C, 20–90% RH
- Storage: -10–60 °C
- Safety & EMC: Designed for industrial environments; compliant with CE and FCC Class A (when installed in compliant systems).
- RoHS: Conforms to RoHS environmental standards.

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### 9. Additional Information

Warranty:
Limited three-year warranty covering defects in materials and workmanship. Excludes damage from misuse, modification, or improper installation.

Technical Support:
- Website: [https://www.contec.com](https://www.contec.com)
- Email: tech_support@contecusa.com (U.S.)
- Phone: +81 (6) 6477-5219 (Japan HQ)

Maintenance & Calibration:
- Factory-calibrated prior to shipment.
- Periodic recalibration recommended for precision applications.
- Calibration potentiometers available for fine adjustment of analog input/output offsets and gains.

Software Tools:
- C-LOGGER: Data logging and visualization software (bundled).
- ML-DAQ: MATLAB data acquisition library.
- VI-DAQ: LabVIEW VI library for integration.
- Diagnostic Utilities: Included for hardware verification and performance testing.

System Integration:
Ideal for use in:
- Industrial process monitoring
- Laboratory instrumentation
- Automated test systems
- Data acquisition and control
- Signal analysis and waveform generation

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### Summary

The CONTEC AD16-16U(PCI)E is a robust, high-performance PCI analog I/O board offering 16-bit precision, 1 MS/s sampling, and versatile analog/digital interfacing. With its large onboard memory, flexible triggering, and comprehensive driver support for Windows and Linux, it is engineered for demanding data acquisition and control applications. Its modular design, compatibility with numerous optional accessories, and long-term reliability make it a preferred choice for engineers and system integrators requiring accurate, high-speed analog and digital signal processing within PC-based measurement systems.